What is actinic keratosis?

Actinic keratosis is a skin condition in which you may develop a rough, scaly patch on the skin due to exposure to the sun for an extended period. Typically, the patches appear on the face, lips, ears, forearm, neck, or the back of your hand. It is also called solar keratoses.

Although the skin condition is common around 40 years of age, there are 5-10% chances that such patches may turn cancerous if left untreated. Therefore, if you notice any such patch on your skin, consult a dermatologist right away.

Causes of actinic keratosis:

Sometimes, the skin cells, keratinocytes, grow abnormally and form rough, scaly patches at the spots where your skin has been exposed to the harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. These small patches appear brown, tan, pink, or grey. The following factors are responsible for causing actinic keratosis:

• Age above 40.

• Light-colored skin and blue eyes.

• Prone to get sunburn or a previous history of getting a sunburn.

• Frequent exposure to sunlight for an extended period of life.

• Have a weak immune system.

Complications of actinic keratitis:

Early diagnosis and regular treatment can completely cure and remove the actinic keratosis patches. However, if left untreated, the condition may progress to squamous cell carcinoma, a type of cancer.

Common signs and symptoms:

Actinic keratosis patches appear rough and scaly. They may disappear or enlarge. In addition, you may notice the following symptoms:

• Rough and hard skin lesions.

• Patches appear inflamed and enlarged.

• There may be bleeding and redness.

• Ulcers may develop.

Treatment of actinic keratosis:

After a careful and thorough examination of the skin patch, the dermatologist may diagnose the condition as actinic keratosis. The following treatment options are available for this condition:

• Chemical peeling: Topical application of creams containing 5 fluorouracil and salicylic acid (Actikerall) or an imiquimod cream (Vyloma) can destroy the lesions. It may cause slight burning and redness at the site of application.

• Scrapping: Dermatologists may scrape off the lesion with the help of an electric device after the application of cream of local anesthetic.

• Cryotherapy: It is a common treatment in which the dermatologist freezes the patch using liquid nitrogen. As a result, a blister appears in the affected area. As your skin heals, the affected part falls off.

• Laser treatment: The use of laser beams helps remove the patch, and new skin may appear.

• Photodynamic therapy: In this therapy, a light-sensitive chemical applied to the spot destroys the actinic keratosis on exposure to light.

The best way to prevent actinic keratosis is to avoid exposure to the sun. Use sunscreens, hats and cover your body. Visit a dermatologist for early diagnosis and treatment. Regular follow-ups are necessary to prevent complications.